L’historique de la musique tchadienne a montré que les années 70 ont permis d’éroder les considérations passéistes et des jeunes talents ont commencé à émerger.
Comment, individuellement, peut-on oublier les hommes comme Kalami Toumsa, maitre Bovik, maitre Gazonga après que des groupes comme Kebbi succès, Chari-jazz, Logone Bande, Africa-Mélodie, Makobi, Saltana, Sao Junior, Sao Cadet eurent enflammé la scène musicale de ces années. Comment peut-on passer aux oubliettes des quartiers comme Ambassatna, Gardolé mais surtout, Ardep-Djoumal, le « Quartier Latin » de cette entité de la République, creuset de l’unité nationale ? Et qu’en ce temps où éclot cette myriade de musiciens franco-congolo-tchadiens, venus se greffer, à l’est du pays, « La Voix du Ouaddaï » sous la férule de Ousmane Mahamat Nour. Le centre du pays, notamment le Guera a offert sa plus belle perle de musique soudanaise au pays : Issa Moussa, le seul professeur de Lettres Classiques Françaises que le Tchad ait pu avoir. Avec cette vague « SOPARMOD », ce fut la libération totale du lyrisme où furent chantés, tantôt, l’amour et les déceptions amoureuses, tantôt, le social avec Mougalbaye Bétar ou encore avec comme exemple, le célèbre « Papa Maurice » de feu Kalami Toumsa, contrôleur des douanes, éteint à Abéché dans des conditions obscures. Et bien que Fally Falola ait été massacrée à Kousseri, au Cameroun voisin, ni la guerre ni tout autre évènement douloureux ne put éteindre la chanson qui est vie, qui accompagne l’homme noir en toutes les circonstances. Ainsi, les années 80 nous ont surpris par leur regain d’intérêt pour la musique.
Dans une veine officielle d’abord, les citoyens cette fois, se doivent d’afficher leur soutien inconditionnel au « camarade lionceau ». Pour servir la cause, « un groupe choc » sous la vigilance de Moméné Mossengué du Zaïre, a été déployé à grand frais, à l’encadrement des troupes musicales où furent embrigadées toute la régence de Hissène Dombé et son mythique Chari-Jazz. Ce fut l’époque d’une seconde congolisation de la musique tchadienne, après une première qui a consacré, par le truchement d’un concours, l’orchestre archibaldien[1] au détriment de celui des logonais. Pour mémoire, au groupe d’animation politique de N’Djamèna et son rythme congolais, il y a eu une vive opposition des éléments du groupe de Sarh qui a préféré trémousser durant le règne, habreïste, sur les rythmes riches et variés du folklore du terroir. Les instruments à percussion et à vent ont aguiché le goût modéré des populations.
Profitant de la brèche ainsi mise en exergue, les chorales ont commencé à donner de la voix. Les églises réformées et catholiques ont mis sur pied de véritables industries religieuses de formations de choristes, tant les évènements religieux sont nombreux. On se souviendra à cet effet avec justesse, de l’intronisation de feu Mathias Ngarteri. Dans cette veine, des musiciens, solitaires ou en duo, se sont mis en place pour donner naissance à des récitals ‘’en live’’ avec des hommes comme Mougalbaye Bétar, Saria Elysée ainsi que biens d’autres artistes. Ce, depuis la voix du Ouaddaï, en passant par le centre du pays, dont les traces sont les enregistrements sur des bandes magnétiques, pour le plus grand plaisir des mélomanes. Nul ne nous dira ainsi comment se sont faits Ingamadji Mujos et Issa Bongo et leur groupe ‘’ les Rossignols’’.
Ouvrage Arts et culture au Tchad, par Allafi
Amadou NGANANSOU
[1][1]Archibaldien : habitant de Fort-Archambault, actuel Sarh
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